Run a Validator Node

You can either run a node on your own hardware or use a cloud provider. We would recommend choosing one of the big cloud providers, e.g. Amazon AWS.

We recommend the following or better: m5.xlarge General Purpose Instance with 4 vCPUs (3.1 GHz), 16GB of memory, up to 10 Gbps network bandwidth, and at least 1TB of disk space.

We would recommend going with Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS (64-bit).

Open up port 22 for SSH, as well as port 5050 for both TCP and UDP traffic.

If there is already a non-root user available, you can skip this step.

# SSH into your machine# Update the system(validator)$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y# Create a non-root user(validator)$ USER={USERNAME}(validator)$ sudo mkdir -p /home/$USER/.ssh(validator)$ sudo touch /home/$USER/.ssh/authorized_keys(validator)$ sudo useradd -d /home/$USER $USER(validator)$ sudo usermod -aG sudo $USER(validator)$ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /home/$USER/(validator)$ sudo chmod 700 /home/$USER/.ssh(validator)$ sudo chmod 644 /home/$USER/.ssh/authorized_keys

Make sure to paste your public SSH key into the authorized_keys file of the newly created user in order to be able to log in via SSH.

# Enable sudo without password for the user(validator)$ sudo vi /etc/sudoers
{USERNAME} ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL

Now close the root SSH connection to the machine and log in as your newly created user:

# Close the root SSH connection(validator)$ exit# Log in as new user(local)$ ssh {USERNAME}@{VALIDATOR_IP_ADDRESS}

You are still logged in as the new user via SSH. Now we are going to install Go and Opera.

# Install build-essential(validator)$ sudo apt-get install -y build-essential
# Install go(validator)$ wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.15.10.linux-amd64.tar.gz(validator)$ sudo tar -xvf go1.15.10.linux-amd64.tar.gz(validator)$ sudo mv go /usr/local
# Export go paths(validator)$ vi ~/.bash_aliases# Append the following linesexport GOROOT=/usr/local/goexport GOPATH=$HOME/goexport PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$GOROOT/bin:$PATH
# Install Opera(validator)$ git clone https://github.com/Fantom-foundation/go-opera.git(validator)$ cd go-opera/(validator)$ git checkout release/1.0.1-rc.1(validator)$ make
$./build/opera help​VERSION:1.0.1-rc.1

After installing everything we need, you can continue by registering your Fantom validator node on-chain. To do this, you need to create a validator wallet. The wallet is the validator’s identity in the network which it uses to authenticate, sign messages, etc. First, start the Opera read-only node to interact with it and to create a validator wallet:

# Start opera node(validator)$ cd build/(validator)$ wget https://opera.fantom.network/mainnet.g(validator)$ nohup ./opera --genesis mainnet.g --nousb &

The node running and syncing the network in your current console, so you need to open up a new console window, connect via SSH to the server and enter the following commands to create a wallet:

# Create validator wallet(validator)$ ./opera account new

After entering the command, you will get prompted to enter a password for the account (= wallet) — use a strong one! You can e.g. use a password manager to generate a 20+ digit password to secure your wallet. It will look something like this:

By the way: The wallet above is not a real wallet we use, it’s just for demonstration purposes only.

The next step is to fund your validator wallet with enough FTM to become a validator. That means you need to have at least 1,000,000 FTM in the wallet you just created (send a little more to cover transaction fees).

If you don’t have your FTM on the Opera mainnet already, you will need to swap your FTM using the Fantom Bridge:

After successfully swapping FTM to your newly created Opera wallet, you can register your validator via the SFC Smart Contract.

Make sure you wait for your node to be fully synced, otherwise your FTM will not show up in your wallet!

(validator)$ ./opera validator new
Your new key was generated​Public key:                  0xPubkeyPath of the secret key file:​- You can share your public key with anyone. Others need it to validate messages from you.- You must NEVER share the secret key with anyone! The key controls access to your validator!- You must BACKUP your key file! Without the key, it's impossible to operate the validator!- You must REMEMBER your password! Without the password, it's impossible to decrypt the key!

Open up the console where you entered the commands to create the validator wallet previously and attach to the Opera node console:

# Attach to opera console(validator)$ ./opera attach

By doing so, you will get a JavaScript console where you can directly interact with the Opera node and e.g. send transactions (which you will do in a moment):

abi = JSON.parse('[{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"validatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"status","type":"uint256"}],"name":"ChangedValidatorStatus","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"delegator","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"toValidatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"lockupExtraReward","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"lockupBaseReward","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"unlockedReward","type":"uint256"}],"name":"ClaimedRewards","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"validatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"auth","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"createdEpoch","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"createdTime","type":"uint256"}],"name":"CreatedValidator","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"validatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"deactivatedEpoch","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"deactivatedTime","type":"uint256"}],"name":"DeactivatedValidator","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"delegator","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"toValidatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Delegated","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"delegator","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"validatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"duration","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"LockedUpStake","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"previousOwner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"newOwner","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnershipTransferred","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"delegator","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"toValidatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"lockupExtraReward","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"lockupBaseReward","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"unlockedReward","type":"uint256"}],"name":"RestakedRewards","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"delegator","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"toValidatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"wrID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Undelegated","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"delegator","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"validatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"penalty","type":"uint256"}],"name":"UnlockedStake","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"UpdatedBaseRewardPerSec","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"blocksNum","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"period","type":"uint256"}],"name":"UpdatedOfflinePenaltyThreshold","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"validatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"refundRatio","type":"uint256"}],"name":"UpdatedSlashingRefundRatio","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"delegator","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"toValidatorID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"wrID","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Withdrawn","type":"event"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"baseRewardPerSecond","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"contractCommission","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"},{"constant"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sfcc = web3.ftm.contract(abi).at("0xfc00face00000000000000000000000000000000")

After initializing both variables, you can now interact with the network’s SFC. Enter the following command to check that everything works as expected:

// Sanity checksfcc.lastValidatorID() // if everything is all right, will return a non-zero value

Next, try to get your validatorID from the SFC using your previously generated validator wallet address:

# Get your validator idsfcc.getValidatorID("{VALIDATOR_WALLET_ADDRESS}")

Next, unlock your validator wallet to be able to execute the registration transaction (make sure to use the password you set before):

# Unlock validator walletpersonal.unlockAccount("{VALIDATOR_WALLET_ADDRESS}", "{PASSWORD}", 60)

Next, send the createValidator transaction to register your validator (the value is the representation of the smallest FTM unit, so dividing it be 1e18 will result in 1,000,000 FTM. Alternatively, you can use web3.toWei("1000000.0", "ftm")):

# Register your validatortx = sfcc.createValidator(YOUR_PUBKEY, {from:YOUR_ADDRESS, value: web3.toWei("3175000.0", "ftm")}) // 3175000.0 FTM

Make sure to check your registration transaction (could take a few moments to be confirmed):

# Check your registration transactionftm.getTransactionReceipt(tx)

Look for the status: “0x1” at the bottom, which means the transaction was successful:

You can also copy the transactionHash and go the Fantom Explorer and check your transaction there:

# Get your validator idsfc.getValidatorID("{VALIDATOR_WALLET_ADDRESS}")

Before you run off celebrating, you need to restart your node in validator mode!  Close the Opera console window by typing “exit”. Then head back to the console window where you started your node with the following command:

(validator)$ nohup ./opera --genesis $NETWORK --nousb --validator.id ID --validator.pubkey 0xPubkey --validator.password /path/to/password &
PreviousStake on FantomNextRun a Read-only node

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